
The first stone classified to be introduced into Japanese gardens was the 'Shumisen' - a collection of stones, where the Buddha lives in the main central stone and his disciples are the smaller stones around the Buddha. Stones and rocks are symbolic representations of real or mythical land forms.

- 1. Stone is called 'Soul Stone' it is low and vertical.
- 2. The 'Body Stone' which is as a rule tall and vertical in shape.
- 3. Other type of stone is called 'The Heart Stone' or 'Flat Stone' - and that's exactly what it is.
- 4. 'Branching Stone ' or Arching stone and last but not least is the 'Ox Stone' which can also be known as the 'reclining' stone.
All of these stones are included in Japanese rock gardens and Japanese gardens because of their 'positive' meaning and influence but, as you know in life for every positive there is usually a negative and so it is in Japanese gardens. 'Bad' stones and rocks can be put into 3 categories and these are never used in Japanese rock gardens.

2. Secondly, comes the 'Dead Stone' this is a stone that is obviously used as a horizontal one and vice versa
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